
The world of aerospace engineering is replete with non-linear partial differential equations that encase the core physics involved in particular physical phenomena. Solving these equations is crucial for assessing the parameters of the flow field, which plays a key role in optimizing aerospace systems. Unfortunately, the analytical solution to these equations does not exist, so obtaining insight into the flow field requires them to be solved numerically. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) plays a critical role in obtaining the flow field parameters by solving the discretized form of partial differential equations (linear equations) at discrete points inside the flow domain. Several aerospace engineering problems, including those related to aeroacoustics, aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, aerospace propulsion, and others, can be analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics.
Computational fluid dynamics provides a cost-effective way to obtain significant insight into the complex flow fields and aids experimental studies. In some cases where experimental studies are not feasible, computational fluid dynamics is the only source of information there.
Aeroacoustics
Airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets, and almost all aerospace vehicles generate noise due to their interaction with the surrounding fluid. The study of sound generated by the interaction between the flowing fluid and surrounding objects to determine its origin, estimate its range, and design solutions to reduce or eliminate the noise to comply with sound regulations and improve the user experience is known as aeroacoustics. The noise from the aerodynamic interaction can originate from various sources, including aerodynamic instabilities, shock waves, and turbulent airflows. Computational fluid dynamics could play a significant role in identifying the exact source of the noise by simulating the fluid and aerodynamic structure interaction.
Most of the advanced CFD software packages are capable of carrying out aeroacoustic simulations. These aeroacoustic simulations assist engineers in identifying the range and Intensity of acoustic noise. Computational Fluid Dynamics offers the ability to test different designs with adjusted design parameters based on the results of previous simulations for obtaining an optimized shape with minimal acoustic noise. Various real-world applications of CFD in aerospace engineering for aeroacoustic designing include a quieter aerospace vehicle (Aircraft, Missiles, Helicopters, etc.), reducing cabin noise, sonic boom prediction, engine noise mitigation, and many more.
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