Rex Oedipus and Psychoanalysis,
study by
Dipanwita Bhattacharya- Author, Teacher, Sayan Mukherjee-Author, Teacher
Abstract: Sophocles dealt with Oedipus Complex in his masterpiece “Rex Oedipus”, way back in BC.
Keywords: Sophocles, Rex Oedipus, Psychoanalysis, Freud, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, Phallic stage, daughter, son, Incestuousness, Responsible man
Dates back to the Greek era, in 429 BC when the play was first performed. It had already been then written by Sophocles; and following it, in 1889,Sigmund Freud- the Father of Psychoanalysis- implemented his theory of Oedipus Complex.
As we are dealing with Oedipus Complex, we will limit our study about a son’s behaviour towards its parents. Though, the same connotation to be drawn in case of a daughter, which will be termed as the Electra Complex.
According to the Oedipus Complex Theory[1], in its phallic stage the child (son, according to this particular theory) develops sexual attraction, unconsciously, for its mother as the opposite sex; and the child develops rivalry with its father, unconsciously, as the child has its claim for its mother as opposite sex. And again , unconsciously, the child develops an urge for killing its father as rival or a competitor. In this stage the child stands so innocent as not to understand what it is all about. This behaviour continues until and unless the child becomes so matured as to understand the incestuousness of the whole affair. This is a very crucial juncture based on which the edifice of the future personality development occurs and a stable personality can be built up. After attaining maturity the responsible man searches for another lady who will stand as replica or shadow of his mother, and with whom he can have gratifying sexual affair. But that is for another theoretical consideration. It is often noticeable that a son feels more comfortable in the company of its mother, while develops disdain towards its father. This trait to be discerned as the Oedipus Complex. After analysing the theory stated above, we may now turn to the Play created by Sophocles and the genius of the latter. Way back in 429 BC-as we are considering the staging of the Play- Sophocles dared dealing with this subject and proved his genius in thinking and writing this sort of a masterpiece. In this Play we can see that unknowingly, without realising the truth and the morality of the deed, Oedipus kills his father Laius and marries his own mother Jocasta. After realising the whole affair he faces shame. Psychoanalytically, this is the beginning of attaining the adult stage where man becomes a responsible being and can think in practical way, morally complying with societal standard and emotional equilibrium. He realises the point of incestuousness, according to Freudian Psychoanalysis. In his childhood, Oedipus was abandoned by his real father King Laius, in the forest- the was, used to be, considered a practice of Exposure[2] where it was, used to be observed how the child could survive on its own. Eventually, here, the child would grow up and in his youth he would kill his own father and would marry his own mother and would enjoy incestuous relationship. All these affairs would stand symbolic where the personality trait of every man was well defined like nowhere else. The base for modern Psychoanalysis. The genius of Sophocles.
[1] Freudian Theory of Psychoanalysis
[2] Wikipedia
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