Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication method that allows users to access multiple applications, systems, or services with a single set of login credentials. Instead of requiring users to log in separately to each application, SSO centralizes authentication, streamlining access and improving user experience.
How Does SSO Work?
- Login to Identity Provider (IdP):
- A user logs in once to an Identity Provider (IdP) using their credentials.
- Token Generation:
- The IdP generates an authentication token that confirms the user’s identity.
- Access to Multiple Applications:
- The token is shared with multiple Service Providers (SPs), granting the user seamless access to authorized resources without needing to log in again.
SSO Example
- A user logs into their organization’s SSO portal.
- After authentication, the user can access email (e.g., Outlook), collaboration tools (e.g., Microsoft Teams), and cloud storage (e.g., OneDrive) without additional logins.
Benefits of SSO
- Enhanced User Experience:
- Eliminates the need to remember multiple passwords, reducing login friction.
- Improved Security:
- Reduces password-related vulnerabilities by centralizing authentication.
- Time Efficiency:
- Saves time for users by streamlining access to multiple systems.
- Easier Management:
- Simplifies account and permission management for IT administrators.
SSO Authentication Mechanisms
- SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language)
- OAuth/OpenID Connect
- Kerberos
These protocols facilitate secure token exchange between the Identity Provider and Service Providers.
Challenges of SSO
- Single Point of Failure:
- If the SSO system is compromised, it could potentially grant access to all connected applications.
- Complex Implementation:
- Setting up and configuring SSO across diverse applications can be challenging.
- Dependency on Identity Provider:
- Access to all systems depends on the availability and security of the IdP.
Use Cases for SSO
- Corporate Environments: Employees access internal systems like HR portals, email, and collaboration tools using SSO.
- Education: Students and faculty log in once to access learning management systems, email, and library resources.
- E-commerce: Customers log in to one account for a unified shopping experience across multiple platforms.
SSO vs. Federated SSO
While SSO allows seamless access within a single organization or system, Federated SSO extends this capability across multiple organizations or domains.
Conclusion
Single Sign-On simplifies user authentication by allowing access to multiple systems with one login. It improves user convenience, enhances security, and streamlines IT management, making it a vital tool for modern enterprises.
Source URL: https://www.cybernexa.com/blog/study-what-is-single-sign-on-sso/
