Spices are substances derived from plants and characterize unique flavors, smells, and culinary values. The various plant parts from which these substances are obtained include leaves, flowers, roots, seeds, stems, rhizomes, bark, and fruits.
History of spices
To be honest, we have no robust evidence that claims the first usage of spices. However, several research studies have found that ancient people used spices at least four thousand and five hundred years ago for a multitude of purposes—culinary, medicinal, and cultural. Also, it is found that the trading of spices began at least around the 10th millennium BC. Notably, as per the Egyptian historical records, India was one of the few countries that initiated the spice trade.
Indian and spices
Astonishingly, researchers have witnessed that the oldest Rig Veda and Yajur Veda have special mention of spices. Though the Vedas were taught to generations in the form of hymns in an oral format, even today, the people are fond, proud, and capable of growing these rich and valuable spices in the traditional methods.
There is no doubt that the fertile soil and varied agricultural lands (tropical rain forests, marshlands, valleys, highlands, and fields) catalyzed the cultivation of spices in the country. Scholars have rightly called India “the spice bowl of the world.”
Perhaps, many groups across the globe, including British, Arabians, Portuguese, Chinese, and Romans tried invading the country just to loot the spice resources.
The major list of Indian spices and their specialty
Though Indian spices are known for their distinctive flavors, the specialty goes beyond—yes, the health benefits it offers are vast and invaluable. So, let’s briefly understand the culinary and health benefits (medicinal properties) of each Indian spice in no particular order.
1. Turmeric
Also called Haldi, this is the most significant spice used in almost every Indian dish. It gives a golden yellow color and a warm and earthy flavor. It is known for its cell protective properties from inflammation.
Source: rhizomes of the Curcuma plant
2. Black Pepper
It is one of the most demanded and traded Indian spices known for its piney flavor and heat. Piperine is the compound that is accountable for the spiciness and heat. It also contains flavonoids that can prevent chronic heart diseases.
Source: dried berries of Piper Nigrum plant
3. Asafoetida
Popularly, this spice is called ‘Hing’ in India and is used in cooking to enhance the flavor of Indian dishes. It has medicinal properties that aid the digestion process.
Source: resin from the Ferrula plant
4. Cumin
With a mix of earthy, nutty, and citrus flavors, this spice has a strong aroma and is preferably used for marinating dishes. It can be used as ground powder or as seeds itself.
Source: dried seeds of the Cuminum Cyminum plant
5. Fennel
This spice is unique with a bold and sweet flavor. Thus, it is commonly used in savory dishes like curries, pickles, and meats. It is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, they are consumed after every meal for easy digestion.
Source: dried seeds of the Foeniculum Vulgare plant
6. Corriander
It has a fresh and nutty flavor with a spicy aroma. Thus, making it a vital ingredient when preparing garam masala, a blend of spices. It has compounds that enhance kidney functioning and control blood sugar.
Source: dried seeds of Cilantro (Coriandrum Sativum) plant
7. Cardamom
Green elaichi or cardamom is the only Indian spice with complex flavor and aroma—a combination of warm, sweet, mint, and peppery. It helps relieve stomach aches, indigestion, and bloating.
Source: pods of Elettaria Cardamomum plant
8. Fenugreek
Popularly called methi, this spice is used as dried leaves and seeds to flavor the food. It tastes both bitter and sweet. Thus, giving it a special aroma.
Source: dried seeds or leaves of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum plant
9. Ginger
This Indian spice features a zingy, warm, and mellow flavor and smell. It is known to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, it helps relieve constipation.
Source: rhizomes of the Ginger plant
10. Saffron
Recognized as the world’s most expensive spice, Saffron is reddish brown with an earthy tinge of sweetness. It is mostly used to garnish desserts and stews. It acts like an anti-depressant and eases menstrual cramps.
Source: dried stigmas of Crocus Sativus flower
Other Indian Spices
There are more than forty Indian spices and here are a few other spices used commonly in Indian, Mediterranean, and Asian cuisines:
Cinnamon: warm and sweet flavored
- Ajwain: pungent flavor
- Clove: bitter flavor
- Red chillis: spicy flavor
- Bay leaf: bitter and floral flavor
- Amchoor: mango flavor
- Charoli: nutty flavor
- Garlic: raw and pungent flavor
Buying the Indian Spices Online
Indian spices are rich in natural compounds, flavors, and unique aromas. So, to reap the perfect culinary and health benefits of these spices, it is essential to buy them fresh—especially from Indian suppliers or stores. From anywhere across the world and from the comfort of your home, you can buy Indian spices online from leading stores that offer authentic and home-grown Indian spices.
